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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/mcp.M200031-MCP200 on July 16, 2002.
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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 1:500-508, 2002.
© 2002 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Research

Histone Acetylation and Deacetylation

Identification of Acetylation and Methylation Sites of HeLa Histone H4 by Mass Spectrometry*

Kangling Zhang{ddagger},§,¶, Katherine E. Williams§, Lan Huang§, Peter Yau||, Joseph S. Siino||, E. Morton Bradbury||,**, Patrick R. Jones{ddagger}, Michael J. Minch{dagger},{ddagger} and Alma L. Burlingame§,{ddagger}Dagger;

{ddagger} Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211
§ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
|| Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616
** MS M-888 B-2, B-Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545

The acetylation isoforms of histone H4 from butyrate-treated HeLa cells were separated by C4 reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Histone H4 bands were excised and digested in-gel with the endoprotease trypsin. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to characterize the level of acetylation, and nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the acetylated peptides was used to determine the exact sites of acetylation. Although there are 15 acetylation sites possible, only four acetylated peptide sequences were actually observed. The tetra-acetylated form is modified at lysines 5, 8, 12, and 16, the tri-acetylated form is modified at lysines 8, 12, and 16, and the di-acetylated form is modified at lysines 12 and 16. The only significant amount of the mono-acetylated form was found at position 16. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of a "zip" model whereby acetylation of histone H4 proceeds in the direction of from Lys-16 to Lys-5, and deacetylation proceeds in the reverse direction. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are coordinated processes leading to a non-random distribution of isoforms. Our results also revealed that lysine 20 is di-methylated in all modified isoforms, as well as the non-acetylated isoform of H4.

{ddagger}{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: alb{at}itsa.ucsf.edu


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