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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 2:70-84, 2003.
© 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Research

Protein Profiling of the Human Epidermis from the Elderly Reveals Up-regulation of a Signature of Interferon--induced Polypeptides That Includes Manganese-superoxide Dismutase and the p85ß Subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase^*

Pavel Gromov^,,¶, Gunhild Lange Skovgaard^||, Hildur Palsdottir^,**, Irina Gromova^,, Morten Østergaard and Julio E. Celis^,,

Department of Medical Biochemistry and Danish Centre for Molecular Gerontology, The University of Aarhus, Ole Worms Allé, build. 170, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Institute of Cancer Biology, The Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
^|| Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, The University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark and Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology and Dermatology, Danish Centre for Molecular Gerontology, The University of Aarhus, CF Mollers Allé, build. 130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

Aging of the human skin is a complex process that consists of chronological and extrinsic aging, the latter caused mainly by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (photoaging). Here we present studies in which we have used proteomic profiling technologies and two-dimensional (2D) PAGE database resources to identify proteins whose expression is deregulated in the epidermis of the elderly. Fresh punch biopsies from the forearm of 20 pairs of young and old donors (21–30 and 75–92 years old, respectively) were dissected to yield an epidermal fraction that consisted mainly of differentiated cells. One- to two-mm³ epidermal pieces were labeled with [³⁵S]methionine for 18 h, lysed, and subjected to 2D PAGE (isoelectric focusing and non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis) and phosphorimage autoradiography. Proteins were identified by matching the gels with the master 2D gel image of human keratinocytes (proteomics.cancer.dk). In selected cases 2D PAGE immunoblotting and/or mass spectrometry confirmed the identity. Quantitative analysis of 172 well focused and abundant polypeptides showed that the level of most proteins (148) remains unaffected by the aging process. Twenty-two proteins were consistently deregulated by a factor of 1.5 or more across the 20 sample pairs. Among these we identified a group of six polypeptides (Mx-A, manganese-superoxide dismutase, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, the p85ß subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and proteasomal proteins PA28- and SSP 0107) that is induced by interferon- in primary human keratinocytes and that represents a specific protein signature for the effect of this cytokine. Changes in the expression of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A, NM23 H2, cyclophilin A, HSP60, annexin I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 were also observed. Two proteins exhibited irregular behavior from individual to individual. Besides arguing for a role of interferon- in the aging process, the biological activities associated with the deregulated proteins support the contention that aging is linked with increased oxidative stress that could lead to apoptosis in vivo.

To whom correspondence may be addressed: Inst. of Cancer Biology, The Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen. Fax: 45-35-25-73-76; E-mail: jec{at}cancer.dk

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