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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/mcp.D200002-MCP200 on April 7, 2003.
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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 2:191-204, 2003.
© 2003 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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The Transcriptome and Its Translation during Recovery from Cell Cycle Arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

Kyle A. Serikawa{ddagger}, Xie Lillian Xu§,, Vivian L. MacKay{ddagger}, G. Lynn Law{ddagger}, Qin Zong, Lue Ping Zhao§,||, Roger Bumgarner** and David R. Morris{ddagger},{ddagger}{ddagger}

{ddagger} Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
** Center for Expression Array Analysis, Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
§ Program of Biostatistics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
Avalon Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
|| Enodar BioLogic Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98109

Complete genome sequences together with high throughput technologies have made comprehensive characterizations of gene expression patterns possible. While genome-wide measurement of mRNA levels was one of the first applications of these advances, other important aspects of gene expression are also amenable to a genomic approach, for example, the translation of message into protein. Earlier we reported a high throughput technology for simultaneously studying mRNA level and translation, which we termed translation state array analysis, or TSAA. The current studies test the proposition that TSAA can identify novel instances of translation regulation at the genome-wide level. As a biological model, cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cell cycle-arrested using either {alpha}-factor or the temperature-sensitive cdc15-2 allele. Forty-eight mRNAs were found to change significantly in translation state following release from {alpha}-factor arrest, including genes involved in pheromone response and cell cycle arrest such as BAR1, SST2, and FAR1. After the shift of the cdc15-2 strain from 37 °C to 25 °C, 54 mRNAs were altered in translation state, including the products of the stress genes HSP82, HSC82, and SSA2. Thus, regulation at the translational level seems to play a significant role in the response of yeast cells to external physical or biological cues. In contrast, surprisingly few genes were found to be translationally controlled as cells progressed through the cell cycle. Additional refinements of TSAA should allow characterization of both transcriptional and translational regulatory networks on a genomic scale, providing an additional layer of information that can be integrated into models of system biology and function.

{ddagger}{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. Tel.: 206-543-1694; Fax: 206-543-4822; E-mail: dmorris{at}u.washington.edu


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