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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/mcp.M300134-MCP200 on January 21, 2004.
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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 3:410-419, 2004.
© 2004 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Research

Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Protein 14-3-3{sigma} Is Down-regulated in Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder Undergoing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition*

José M. A. Moreira{ddagger}, Pavel Gromov and Julio E. Celis{ddagger}

From the Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark

The 14-3-3 proteins constitute a family of abundant, highly conserved and broadly expressed acidic polypeptides that are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes such as cell-cycle progression, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. One member of this family, the 14-3-3 isoform {sigma}, is expressed only in epithelial cells and is frequently down-regulated in a variety of human cancers. To determine the prevalence of 14-3-3{sigma} silencing in bladder cancer progression, we have studied the expression of this protein in normal urothelium and bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of various grades and stages using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We show that the expression of 14-3-3{sigma} is down-regulated in invasive TCCs, particularly in lesions that are undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion. Altered expression of 14-3-3{sigma} in invasive TCCs is not due to increased externalization of the protein nor to an aberrant proliferative potential of neoplastic cells. Furthermore, we found that impaired 14-3-3{sigma} expression is not associated with increased levels of the dominant-negative transcriptional regulator {Delta}Np63. Down-regulation of 14-3-3{sigma} was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence using a peptide-based rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for this protein. We also show that the expression of 14-3-3{sigma} is highly up-regulated in pure squamous cell carcinomas. Taken together, these results provide evidence that deregulation of 14-3-3{sigma} may play a key role in bladder cancer progression, in particular in differentiation events leading to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stratified squamous metaplasia.

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Proteomics in Cancer, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Tel.: 45-35257500; Fax: 45-35257721; E-mail: jom{at}cancer.dk and jec{at}cancer.dk


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