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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 6:56-63, 2007.
© 2007 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Research

Proteomic Identification of Macrophage Migration-inhibitory Factor upon Exposure to TiO₂ Particles^*

Myung-Hwa Cha^,, TaiYoun Rhim^,, Kyung Hun Kim, An-Soo Jang^,¶, Young-Ki Paik^|| and Choon-Sik Park^,**

From the Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-853, Korea and ^|| Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Seoul, 120-749, Korea

Inhalation of particulate matter aggravates respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain poorly understood. We used a proteomics approach to examine this phenomenon. Treatment of epithelial cells with BSA-coated titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles altered 20 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel, and these were then analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. These proteins included defense-related, cell-activating, and cytoskeletal proteins implicated in the response to oxidative stress. The proteins were classified into four groups according to the time course of their expression patterns. For validation, RT-PCR was performed on extracts of in vitro TiO₂-treated cells, and lung issues from TiO₂-treated rats were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and enzyme immunoassay. TiO₂ treatment was found to increase the amount of mRNA for macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF was expressed primarily in epithelium and was elevated in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of TiO₂-treated rats as compared with sham-treated rats. Carbon black and diesel exhaust particles also induced expression of MIF protein in the epithelial cells.

^** To whom correspondence may be addressed: Div. of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 1174 Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-767, Republic of Korea. Tel.: 82-32-621-5105; Fax: 82-32-621-5018; E-mail: mdcspark{at}unitel.co.kr

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