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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/mcp.M600453-MCP200 on May 16, 2007.
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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 6:1365-1379, 2007.
© 2007 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Research

Dynamic Interplay between O-Linked N-Acetylglucosaminylation and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3-dependent Phosphorylation*

Zihao Wang, Akhilesh Pandey and Gerald W. Hart{ddagger}

From the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185

O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine side chains of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is dynamically regulated in response to various environmental and biological stimuli. O-GlcNAcylation is remarkably similar to O-phosphorylation and appears to have a dynamic interplay with O-phosphate in cellular regulation. A systematic glycoproteomics analysis of the affects of inhibiting specific kinases on O-GlcNAcylation should help reveal both the global and specific dynamic relationships between these two abundant post-translational modifications. Here we report the O-GlcNAc perturbations in response to inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a pivotal kinase involved in many signaling pathways. By combining immunoaffinity chromatography and SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture)-based quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified 45 potentially O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Quantitative measurements indicated that at least 10 proteins had an apparent increase of O-GlcNAcylation upon GSK-3 inhibition by lithium, whereas surprisingly 19 other proteins showed decreases. O-GlcNAcylation changes on a subset of the proteins were confirmed by follow-up experiments. By combining a new O-GlcNAc peptide enrichment method and ß-elimination followed by Michael addition with DTT, we also mapped the O-GlcNAc site (Ser-55) of vimentin, which showed an apparent increase of O-GlcNAcylation upon GSK-3 inhibition. Based on the MS data, we further investigated potential roles of O-GlcNAc on host cell factor-1, a transcription co-activator, and showed that dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation on host cell factor-1 influenced its subcellular distribution. Taken together, these data indicated the complex interplay between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation that occurs within signaling networks.

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205-2185. Tel.: 410-614-5993; Fax: 410-614-8804; E-mail: gwhart{at}jhmi.edu


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