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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1074/mcp.M800340-MCP200 on October 20, 2008.
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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 8:535-546, 2009.
© 2009 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.


Research

Proteomics-based Identification of Novel Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-inducible Factor (FIH) Substrates Indicates Widespread Asparaginyl Hydroxylation of Ankyrin Repeat Domain-containing Proteins*,S

Matthew E. Cockman{ddagger}, James D. Webb{ddagger}, Holger B. Kramer§, Benedikt M. Kessler§,|| and Peter J. Ratcliffe{ddagger}

From the § Central Proteomics Facility, {ddagger} Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom

Post-translational hydroxylation has been considered an unusual modification on intracellular proteins. However, following the recognition that oxygen-sensitive prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation are central to the regulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), interest has centered on the possibility that these enzymes may have other substrates in the proteome. In support of this certain ankyrin repeat domain (ARD)-containing proteins, including members of the I{kappa}B and Notch families, have been identified as alternative substrates of the HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). Although these findings imply a potentially broad range of substrates for FIH, the precise extent of this range has been difficult to determine because of the difficulty of capturing transient enzyme-substrate interactions. Here we describe the use of pharmacological "substrate trapping" together with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) technology to stabilize and identify potential FIH-substrate interactions by mass spectrometry. To pursue these potential FIH substrates we used conventional data-directed tandem MS together with alternating low/high collision energy tandem MS to assign and quantitate hydroxylation at target asparaginyl residues. Overall the work has defined 13 new FIH-dependent hydroxylation sites with a degenerate consensus corresponding to that of the ankyrin repeat and a range of ARD-containing proteins as actual and potential substrates for FIH. Several ARD-containing proteins were multiply hydroxylated, and detailed studies of one, Tankyrase-2, revealed eight sites that were differentially sensitive to FIH-catalyzed hydroxylation. These findings indicate that asparaginyl hydroxylation is likely to be widespread among the ~300 ARD-containing species in the human proteome.


|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 44-1865-287799; Fax: 44-1865-287787; E-mail: bmk{at}ccmp.ox.ac.uk


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