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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Data All Versions of this Article: M900186-MCP200v1 8/9/2071    most recent Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Glossary Google Scholar Articles by Ma, D. Articles by Lai, R. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ma, D. Articles by Lai, R. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 8:2071-2079, 2009.
© 2009 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Research

Anti-thrombosis Repertoire of Blood-feeding Horsefly Salivary Glands^*,

Dongying Ma^,,¶, Yipeng Wang^,,¶, Hailong Yang^,,¶, Jing Wu^,, Shu An^||,, Li Gao^,, Xueqing Xu^, and Ren Lai^,**,

From the Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China,
**Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China,
||School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China, and
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China

Blood-feeding arthropods rely heavily on the pharmacological properties of their saliva to get a blood meal and suppress immune reactions of hosts. Little information is available on antihemostatic substances in horsefly salivary glands although their saliva has been thought to contain wide range of physiologically active molecules. In traditional Eastern medicine, horseflies are used as anti-thrombosis material for hundreds of years. By proteomics coupling transcriptome analysis with pharmacological testing, several families of proteins or peptides, which exert mainly on anti-thrombosis functions, were identified and characterized from 60,000 pairs of salivary glands of the horsefly Tabanus yao Macquart (Diptera, Tabanidae). They are: (I) ten fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes, which hydrolyze specially alpha chain of fibrin(ogen) and are the first family of fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes purified and characterized from arthropods; (II) another fibrin(ogen)olytic enzyme, which hydrolyzes both alpha and beta chain of fibrin(ogen); (III) ten Arg-Gly-Asp-motif containing proteins acting as platelet aggregation inhibitors; (IV) five thrombin inhibitor peptides; (V) three vasodilator peptides; (VI) one apyrase acting as platelet aggregation inhibitor; (VII) one peroxidase with both platelet aggregation inhibitory and vasodilator activities. The first three families are belonging to antigen five proteins, which show obvious similarity with insect allergens. They are the first members of the antigen 5 family found in salivary glands of blood sucking arthropods to have anti-thromobosis function. The current results imply a possible evolution from allergens of blood-sucking insects to anti-thrombosis agents. The extreme diversity of horsefly anti-thrombosis components also reveals the anti-thrombosis molecular mechanisms of the traditional Eastern medicine insect material.

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