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Submitted on November 27, 2007
Revised on March 31, 2008
Accepted on April 2, 2008

Phosphoproteomic analysis of the mouse brain cytosol reveals a predominance of protein phosphorylation in regions of intrinsic sequence disorder

Mark O. Collins, Lu Yu, Iain Campuzano, Seth G. N. Grant, and Jyoti S. Choudhary

Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA

Corresponding Author: jc4{at}sanger.ac.uk

We have analysed the mouse forebrain cytosolic phosphoproteome using sequential (protein and peptide) IMAC purifications, enzymatic dephosphorylation and targeted tandem mass spectrometry analysis strategies. In total, using complementary phospho-enrichment and LC-MS/MS strategies, 512 phosphorylation sites on 540 non-redundant phosphopeptides from 162 cytosolic phosphoproteins were characterised. Analysis of protein domains and amino acid sequence composition of this dataset of cytosolic phosphoproteins revealed that it is significantly enriched in intrinsic sequence disorder and this enrichment is associated with both cellular location and phosphorylation status. The majority of phosphorylation sites found by MS were located outside of structural protein domains (97%) but were mostly located in regions of intrinsic sequence disorder (86%). 368 phosphorylation sites were located in long regions of disorder (over 40 amino acids long) and 94% of proteins contained at least one such long region of disorder. In addition, we found that 58 phosphorylation sites in this dataset occur in 14-3-3 binding consensus motifs, linear motifs that are associated with unstructured regions in proteins. These results demonstrate that in this dataset protein phosphorylation is significantly depleted in protein domains, significantly enriched in disordered protein sequences and that enrichment of intrinsic sequence disorder may be a common feature of phosphoproteomes. This supports the hypothesis that disordered regions in proteins allow kinases, phosphatases and phosphorylation dependent binding proteins to gain access to target sequences to regulate local protein conformation and activity.







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