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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 5:1437-1449, 2006.
© 2006 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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From the
Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China, ¶ Departments of Physiology and ** Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, || Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, 
Department of Hepatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710032, China, and |||| Department of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
ARF6 GTPase is a conserved regulator of membrane trafficking and actin-based cytoskeleton dynamics at the leading edge of migrating cells. A key determinant of ARF6 function is the lifetime of the GTP-bound active state, which is orchestrated by GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and GTP-GDP exchanging factor. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying ARF6-mediated cell migration. To systematically analyze proteins that regulate ARF6 activity during cell migration, we performed a proteomic analysis of proteins selectively bound to active ARF6 using mass spectrometry and identified a novel ARF6-specific GAP, ACAP4. ACAP4 encodes 903 amino acids and contains two coiled coils, one pleckstrin homology domain, one GAP motif, and two ankyrin repeats. Our biochemical characterization demonstrated that ACAP4 has a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent GAP activity specific for ARF6. The co-localization of ACAP4 with ARF6 occurred in ruffling membranes formed upon AIF4 and epidermal growth factor stimulation. ACAP4 overexpression limited the recruitment of ARF6 to the membrane ruffles in the absence of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Expression of GTP hydrolysis-resistant ARF6Q67L resulted in accumulations of ACAP4 and ARF6 in the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting that GTP hydrolysis is required for the ARF6-dependent membrane remodeling. Significantly the depletion of ACAP4 by small interfering RNA or inhibition of ARF6 GTP hydrolysis by overexpressing GAP-deficient ACAP4 suppressed ARF6-dependent cell migration in wound healing, demonstrating the importance of ACAP4 in cell migration. Thus, our study sheds new light on the biological function of ARF6-mediated cell migration.

To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: gdwkcy{at}fmmu.edu.cn¶¶ A Georgia Cancer Coalition Eminent Cancer Scholar. To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: yaoxb{at}ustc.edu.cn or xyao{at}msm.edu
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