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Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 6:548-564, 2007.
© 2007 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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A Comprehensive Proteomics and Genomics Analysis Reveals Novel Transmembrane Proteins in Human Platelets and Mouse Megakaryocytes Including G6b-B, a Novel Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif Protein^*,S

Yotis A. Senis^,, Michael G. Tomlinson^,¶, Ángel García^||,**, Stephanie Dumon, Victoria L. Heath, John Herbert, Stephen P. Cobbold, Jennifer C. Spalton, Sinem Ayman, Robin Antrobus^||, Nicole Zitzmann^||, Roy Bicknell, Jon Frampton, Kalwant S. Authi, Ashley Martin^¶¶, Michael J. O. Wakelam^¶¶ and Stephen P. Watson^,||||

From the Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Wolfson Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, ^|| Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom, Therapeutic Immunology Group, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom, Cardiovascular Division, New Hunts House, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom, and ^¶¶ Division of Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

The platelet surface is poorly characterized due to the low abundance of many membrane proteins and the lack of specialist tools for their investigation. In this study we identified novel human platelet and mouse megakaryocyte membrane proteins using specialist proteomics and genomics approaches. Three separate methods were used to enrich platelet surface proteins prior to identification by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry: lectin affinity chromatography, biotin/NeutrAvidin affinity chromatography, and free flow electrophoresis. Many known, abundant platelet surface transmembrane proteins and several novel proteins were identified using each receptor enrichment strategy. In total, two or more unique peptides were identified for 46, 68, and 22 surface membrane, intracellular membrane, and membrane proteins of unknown subcellular localization, respectively. The majority of these were single transmembrane proteins. To complement the proteomics studies, we analyzed the transcriptome of a highly purified preparation of mature primary mouse megakaryocytes using serial analysis of gene expression in view of the increasing importance of mutant mouse models in establishing protein function in platelets. This approach identified all of the major classes of platelet transmembrane receptors, including multitransmembrane proteins. Strikingly 17 of the 25 most megakaryocyte-specific genes (relative to 30 other serial analysis of gene expression libraries) were transmembrane proteins, illustrating the unique nature of the megakaryocyte/platelet surface. The list of novel plasma membrane proteins identified using proteomics includes the immunoglobulin superfamily member G6b, which undergoes extensive alternate splicing. Specific antibodies were used to demonstrate expression of the G6b-B isoform, which contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif. G6b-B undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and association with the SH2 domain-containing phosphatase, SHP-1, in stimulated platelets suggesting that it may play a novel role in limiting platelet activation.

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