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Research

Proteomics Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicles from the Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli tolR IHE3034 Mutant^*,S

Francesco Berlanda Scorza, Francesco Doro, Manuel José Rodríguez-Ortega^,, Maria Stella, Sabrina Liberatori, Anna Rita Taddei^¶, Laura Serino, Danilo Gomes Moriel, Barbara Nesta, Maria Rita Fontana, Angela Spagnuolo, Mariagrazia Pizza, Nathalie Norais and Guido Grandi^,||

From the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 53100 Siena, Italy and ^¶ Centro Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli are the cause of a diverse spectrum of invasive infections in humans and animals, leading to urinary tract infections, meningitis, or septicemia. In this study, we focused our attention on the identification of the outer membrane proteins of the pathogen in consideration of their important biological role and of their use as potential targets for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. To this aim, we generated a tolR mutant of the pathogenic IHE3034 strain that spontaneously released a large quantity of outer membrane vesicles in the culture supernatant. The vesicles were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. The analysis led to the identification of 100 proteins, most of which are localized to the outer membrane and periplasmic compartments. Interestingly based on the genome sequences available in the current public database, seven of the identified proteins appear to be specific for pathogenic E. coli and enteric bacteria and therefore are potential targets for vaccine and drug development. Finally we demonstrated that the cytolethal distending toxin, a toxin exclusively produced by pathogenic bacteria, is released in association with the vesicles, supporting the recently proposed role of bacterial vesicles in toxin delivery to host cells. Overall, our data demonstrated that outer membrane vesicles represent an ideal tool to study Gram-negative periplasm and outer membrane compartments and to shed light on new mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis.

^|| To whom correspondence should be addressed: Novartis Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy. Tel.: 39-0577-243506; Fax: 39-0577-278514; E-mail: guido.grandi{at}novartis.com

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