Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 insoluble membrane and soluble cytoplasmic proteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation of whole cell lysate. Using a Finnigan LCQ-DECA mass spectrometer equipped with a C18 trap ESI-emitter/micro-LC column, a number of trypsin generated peptide tags from 426 unique proteins were identified. This represents approximately one-fifth of the theoretical proteome of Halobacterium. Of these, 232 proteins were found only in the soluble fraction, 165 were only in the insoluble membrane fraction, and 29 were in both fractions. There were 72 % and 61 % previously annotated proteins identified in the soluble and membrane protein fractions, respectively. Interestingly, fifty-seven of previously un-annotated proteins found only in Halobacterium NRC-1were identified. Such proteins could be interesting targets for understanding unique physiology of Halobacterium NRC-1. A group of proteins involved in various metabolic pathways were identified among the expressed proteins suggesting these pathways were active at the time the cells were collected. This data containing a list of expressed proteins, their cellular locations and biological functions could be used in future studies to investigate the interaction of the genes and proteins in relation to genetic or environmental perturbations.