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Submitted on July 15, 2005
Revised on October 20, 2005
Accepted on October 26, 2005

Differential modification of phosducin protein in degenerating rd1 retina is associated with constitutively active CaMKII in rod outer segments

Stefanie M. Hauck, Per A. R. Ekström, Poonam Ahuja-Jensen, Sabine Suppmann, Francois Paquet-Durand, Theo van Veen, and Marius Ueffing

Dept. Ophthalmology, Lund University, Lund SE-22184

Corresponding Author: Per.Ekstrom{at}med.lu.se

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a heterogeneous group of incurable progressive blinding diseases with unknown pathogenic mechanisms. The rd1 mouse is an RP model that carries a mutation in a rod photoreceptor specific phosphodiesterase gene, leading to rapid degeneration of these cells. Elucidation of the molecular differences between rd1 and healthy retinae is crucial for explaining this degeneration and could assist in suggesting novel therapies. Here we used high-resolution proteomics to compare the proteomes of the rd1 mouse retina and its congenic, wild-type, counterpart at postnatal day 11, when photoreceptor death is profound. Over 3000 protein spots were consistently resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subjected to a rigorous filtering procedure, involving computer-based spot analyses. Five proteins were accepted as being differentially expressed in the rd1 model and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. The difference in one such protein, phosducin, related to an altered modification pattern in the rd1 retina rather than to changed expression levels. Additional experiments showed phosducin in healthy retinae to be highly phosphorylated in the dark but not in the light-adapted phase. In contrast, rd1 phosducin was highly phosphorylated irrespective of light status, indicating a dysfunctional rd1 light/dark response. The increased rd1 phosducin phosphorylation coincided with increased activation of calcium-calmodulin activated protein kinase II, known to utilize phosducin as a substrate. Given the increased rod calcium levels present in the rd1 mutation, calcium-evoked over-activation of this kinase may be an early and long sought for step in events leading to photoreceptor degeneration in the rd1 mouse.


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