Insulin secretory granules (ISG) are cytoplasmic organelles of pancreatic ß-cells. They are responsible for the storage and secretion of insulin. To date, only about 30 different proteins have been clearly described to be associated with these organelles. However, data from 2-DE analyses suggested that almost 150 different polypeptides might be present within ISG. The elucidation of the identity and function of the ISG proteins by proteomics strategies would be of a considerable help to further understand some of the underlying mechanisms implicated in ISG biogenesis and trafficking. Furthermore, it should give the bases to the comprehension of impaired insulin secretion observed during diabetes. A proteomic analysis of an enriched insulin granule fraction from the rat insulin-secreting cell line INS-1E was performed. The efficacy of the fractionation procedure was assessed by western blot and electron microscopy. Proteins of the ISG fraction were separated by SDS-PAGE, excised from consecutive gel slices and tryptically digested. Peptides were analyzed by nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. This strategy identified 130 different proteins that were classified into 4 structural groups including: intravesicular proteins, membrane proteins, novel proteins and other proteins. Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated the association of Rab37 and VAMP8 with ISG in INS-1E cells. In conclusion, the present study identified 130 proteins from which 110 are new proteins associated with ISG. The elucidation of their role will further help in the understanding of the mechanisms governing impaired insulin secretion during diabetes.