Reviews & Perspectives
Glycomics, Glycoproteomics, and Glycogenomics: An Inter-Taxa Evolutionary Perspective
In Brief This review article i) assesses the utility of current glycomic, glycoproteomic, and glycogenomic methods to characterize protein glycosylation in less-well-studied eukaryotes; ii) assembles a plausible evolutionary lineage of eukaryotic glycan–protein linkages from the last eukaryotic common ancestor through protists to multicellular plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates; and iii) highlights the diversity of peripheral glycan specializations and modifications with an emphasis on available information from diverse protist kingdoms and invertebrate animals.Developments in Mass Spectrometry for Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: A Review
In Brief Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) participate in a variety of biological functions and have a multitude of medicinal properties. Due to their non template driven biosynthesis, GAGs are produced as nonuniform complex mixtures. Mass spectrometry paired with on-line separation techniques has been utilized to determine the composition of these complex mixtures. Advances in tandem mass spectrometry have also made determining sequence information such as sulfation location and C-5 epimerization possible. This review covers recent developments in the analysis of GAGs using mass spectrometry.A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry–Based Glycoproteomics
In Brief Interest in mass spectrometry–based glycoproteomics analysis is increasing because of recent advances in instrumentation and data analysis tools. Such studies can provide a wealth of information across a wide spectrum of glycan classes and biological systems. However, many studies require the choice of an enrichment strategy for glycosylated species prior to analysis to obtain the maximum amount of analytical information. Here, common enrichment strategies are reviewed with strengths and weaknesses, and the practical considerations for various methods are discussed.
